ÉNERGIE ÉLECTRIQUE : LE CAMEROUN S’APPRÊTE À EXPORTER 150 MW EN DIRECTION DU TCHAD
Deuxième potentiel hydroélectrique le plus important du continent africain, le Cameroun veut se positionner comme un hub énergétique en Afrique centrale. Avec une capacité installée de 2000 Mégawatts (71%) en 2023, le pays investit lourdement dans la construction des barrages pour générer une production supplémentaire de 3000 MW pour atteindre l’autosuffisance en 2030.
Par Marole Akamba
Mais avant cette date, notamment à la faveur de la mise sur pied en 2015 de la Société nationale du transport d’électricité (Sonatrel), le gouvernement, a élaboré un plan d’exportation de l’électricité en direction des pays de la Communauté économique et monétaire de l’Afrique centrale (Cemac) et du Nigeria.
En effet, avec l’entrée en production des barrages hydroélectriques de Memv’ele et Mekin au Sud, de Lom Pangar à l’Est, de Warack dans l’Adamaoua et très prochainement de Nachtigal dans la région du Centre, le pays entend amorcer pleinement la phase d’exportation vers ses voisins.
Face à la presse le 25 septembre 2023 à l’occasion de l’installation des responsables de Kikot Hydro Power Company, entreprise qui aura la charge de développer, construire et exploiter le barrage de Kikot sur le fleuve Sanaga, Gaston Eloundou Essomba est revenu sur les enjeux et contours de ce projet. Selon lui, les constructions de cette infrastructure, évaluée à 650 milliards de FCFA, devraient «en principe commencer en fin 2025», pour qu’en 2030, le barrage puisse livrer ses 500 MW.
«Cette production viendra également conforter notre position d’exportateur d’énergie. Parce qu’on ne pourra pas continuer à exporter s’il y a localement un besoin, un déséquilibre entre l’offre et la demande. Pour continuer à satisfaire nos pays voisins, notamment le Tchad avec qui on est déjà pratiquement en contrat, l’interconnexion va démarrer bientôt, on va commencer par leur livrer 150 MW. Pour maintenir ce niveau de livraison, il fallait bien qu’on pense un nouvel ouvrage. Le barrage de Kikot sera donc la bienvenue», a commenté le ministre de l’Eau et de l’Energie.
Rappelons tout de même qu’à cause de la vétusté des infrastructures et de leur insuffisance, près de 40 % de l’électricité produite au Cameroun se perd dans le transport, selon une source à Eneo. Ce qui explique aussi les coupures d’électricité intempestives. C’est conscient de cette réalité que la Sonatrel a monté un plan d’investissement visant à combler ces manquements. D’une valeur de 900 milliards de F CFA, ce plan vise à renouveler les lignes de transport existantes. L’on projette par ailleurs la construction de nouvelles lignes de transport d’électricité pour raccorder le réseau électrique camerounais à des potentiels pays importateurs de l’énergie hydroélectrique produite au Cameroun.
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